What should silent people do this year? Formation of an insurance pension. Options for the development of events

Disputes about the fate of the funded part of the pension (CPP) continue throughout the entire period of operation of this program. Despite the potential benefits that the funded part of a pension can bring, the implementation of this program remains vague, since the state is constantly changing the conditions for its formation and use. Do ordinary citizens need the funded part of their pension and what is the best way to manage it? We will try to answer these questions in detail in this article.

Why is the funded part of the pension needed?

The purpose of the compulsory pension insurance program is to form citizens' savings to take them into account when assigning a pension. Contributions to the NPE are made from:

• shares of insurance premiums that the employer pays for each of its employees;
• independent voluntary payments of citizens (for example, at the expense of maternal family capital);
• state co-financing programs for voluntary payments by citizens (this direction is currently suspended).

The credited funds of the funded part of the pension are managed by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, or one of the non-state pension funds licensed for this type of activity. The right to choose the company that will manage savings belongs to the citizens themselves.

During the management process, funds are invested in the areas specified in the Federal Law “On investing funds to finance funded pensions in the Russian Federation” dated July 24, 2002 No. 111-FZ. Ideally, such a scheme should bring citizens an income comparable to or higher than the inflation rate in the country. In practice, only a small part of non-state management companies show stable income indicators.

Citizens' savings are protected by regulations; their amount cannot decrease as a result of unsuccessful investment. However, income from such activities may be zero.

Prospects for using the funded part of the pension

Is it worth abandoning NPP, and what prospects does the state determine for this program? Over the past years, the state has been constantly extending the moratorium on the transfer of citizens' savings to non-state pension funds. All funds from insurance contributions from employers go to the insurance part of the pension and are used to pay current pensions.

The Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” dated July 3, 2016 No. 360-FZ introduced the procedure for one-time payments from pension savings. The main features of this document were as follows:

• persons who have not yet been assigned the funded part of their pension have the opportunity to receive a lump sum payment;
• the assignment of payment is allowed if there are funds in the personal account of the insured person;
• Only categories of citizens directly specified in the law (citizens receiving disability pensions, survivors' pensions, etc.) have the right to receive payments.

For most citizens, such a payment is not available, so they will have to independently choose how to manage their pension savings.

How to refuse the funded part of a pension and is it worth doing?

Citizens have the right to refuse to form a private private enterprise at any time and direct funds to increase pension rights for the insurance part. For persons for whom insurance premiums began to be paid only in 2014, no action needs to be taken, since all received contributions are already directed to the insurance part.

Is it worth leaving the savings part for citizens who have savings in their individual accounts? This depends on the advantages and disadvantages of fund management by public and private management companies. The undoubted advantages of such management include:

• the possibility of generating income with the right choice of investment areas;
• guarantee of safety of funds, since all non-state pension funds are under strict state control;
• no restrictions on the size of a future pension, since it will directly depend on the amount of savings;
• the possibility of receiving savings funds through inheritance;
• freedom of choice and transition between different non-state pension funds offering better management conditions.

The disadvantages of such management of private equity funds can only be associated with the lack of income from the activities of non-state pension funds. Since all savings of citizens are insured, they are not in danger of losing money.

The final choice must be made by citizens, taking into account all the circumstances. If a decision is made to refuse to form the funded part of the pension, citizens must take the following actions: Rating: 0/5 (0 votes)

The pension system in the Russian Federation has been modified due to the implementation, which is regulated by laws No. 400-FZ that have entered into force “About insurance pensions” and from No. 424-FZ “About funded pension” dated 20/28/2016. As a result of the changes, the insurance and funded parts of the labor pension exist as separate types.

The new reform provides that a citizen can do it independently, based on personal benefit, by directing the funds in his pension account to the insurance (in the amount of 16%) or at the same time to the savings account (6% to it, and the remaining 10% to the insurance).

Choosing a pension option

A citizen’s right to choose a pension option appeared in 2015, in connection with a new reform. You had to choose one of the options:

1. formation of only an insurance pension;
2. formation of insurance and funded pensions together.

A citizen’s pension is formed at the expense of insurance payments employer, who pays them monthly in the amount of 22% from a citizen's salary.

Part of this tariff, namely 6% is a solidarity tariff, that is, the tariff for the formation of a fixed payment (not taken into account on the personal account), and the rest 16% - individual tariff, that is, the tariff for forming a pension on a citizen’s personal account (SNILS), opened by the Pension Fund of Russia. Thus:

• when a citizen chooses the first pension option, all 16% will go to forming only an insurance pension;
• when choosing the second option, 6% of the individual tariff is allocated to the formation of a funded pension, and 10% - to the formation of an insurance pension.

Accordingly, the higher the salary for a citizen’s work activity, the larger the amount of insurance payments the employer will deduct, and the more the payment amount will be greater in future.

Which pension should I form: insurance or funded?

To make an informed choice in the matter of forming future collateral, it is important to study the features of each type, and then make the optimal decision.

You should know that the funds received for the formation of an insurance pension are listed on the citizen’s personal account only in the form of pension rights, and the money itself is paid to today’s pensioners, this is the same solidarity system. Funds aimed at funded pension, cannot be distributed in this way, since they are sent from the Pension Fund to the NPF or to the trust management chosen by the citizen, and should not go towards current payments. But since 2014, a moratorium on the formation of pension savings has been introduced, which will continue in 2018, so all payments remain in the Pension Fund.

However, the main differences between these types of pensions are not only the method of formation and distribution, but also the method of managing funds.

The insurance pension is managed by the Pension Fund (which carries out its annual indexation), and the funded pension is managed only by the management organization that the citizen has chosen independently.

In general, a funded pension has similar features to a bank deposit: you can also receive income from investment or a loss.

Conditions for assigning an insurance pension

The main confirmation of work experience before 2002 is the work book, and insurance experience after 2002 is personal accounting information from employers, which is stored in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

The insurance period increases in stages, until the right to an old-age pension arises, from 6 years in 2015 to 15 years in 2024 (9 years in 2018). Accordingly, the longer the insurance period, the higher the amount of payments.

The value of the individual pension coefficient

Every year since January 1, 2015, a citizen’s work is assessed by the individual pension coefficient (IPC). When calculating the insurance pension, the amount of the IPC is used both before and after 2015, and the amount of points before 2015 is calculated based on the amount of accumulated pension capital as of the end of 2014. After which, the total amount is divided by the cost of 1 point.

To assign a pension in 2018, you will need to have 13.8 points in your personal account.

To transfer capital into points, citizens with existing experience before 2015 do not need to contact the Pension Fund for this, since this is done automatically in undeclared ok.

Retirement age in Russia in 2018

The retirement age established in Russia for men is 60 years, and for women - 55 years, however, there are certain categories of citizens who have the right to retire before a certain age. The list of positions and relevant industries that give the right to early pensions has been approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

If a citizen applies for an insurance pension later, it can be increased by the established amount. premium odds.

• Application 5 years after reaching the established retirement age - the fixed payment increases by 36%, and the insurance payment - by 45%.
• Appeal after 10 years - the fixed payment will increase by 2.11 times, and the insurance payment - by 2.32 times.

Thus, with a complete refusal of a pension for some time, a citizen can significantly increase it through bonus coefficients.

The procedure for calculating the insurance pension

After the reform, a new procedure for calculating payments was established, which is carried out through coefficients. In accordance with the provisions of Art. 15 law “About insurance pensions”, the old-age pension is calculated according to a certain formula:

SP = IPC × SIPC + FV,

• JV- insurance pension;
• IPC- total points on the day of appointment;
• SIPC- the cost of 1 point in the year of payments (from January 1, 2018 - 81.49 rubles, the state indexes this amount annually);
• FV- fixed (basic) payment (from January 1, 2018 - 4982.9 rubles, the state indexes it annually).

In 2018, pension indexation was carried out higher than the 2017 inflation rate - in the amount of 3.7%.

Working pensioners have received payments since 2016 excluding indexation. However, upon completion of work, the indexation of the insurance pension and fixed payment will be restored for the citizen in full.

Amount of fixed payment to the insurance pension in 2018

The insurance pension includes fixed payment (FV), established by the state for each pensioner in a constant amount. However, its size for some citizens may be higher than for others, it depends on:

• type of pension assigned: old age, disability or loss of a breadwinner;
• availability of special work experience;
• area of ​​residence;
• the age of the pensioner and the number of his dependents.

In 2017, taking into account annual indexation, the amount of the fixed payment was determined at 4805.11 rubles. In 2018, there was an increase, as a result of which the size of the PV amounted to 4982.9 rubles.

The following persons can count on an increased portion of the old-age insurance pension:

• elderly citizens, over 80 years of age (100%);
• pensioners with dependents (33.3% for each dependent, but not more than 3 people);
• citizens with more than 15 years of work experience in the Far North (by 50%), 20 years of work experience in equivalent areas (by 30%), and when they reach 80 years of age, an increase again by the corresponding percentage;
• living in the Far North (by regional coefficient).

The size of the fixed payment to the old-age insurance pension, taking into account its increase, is determined by Pension Fund employees on the basis of the citizen’s pension file and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Benefits of Retiring Late

If desired, a citizen may not apply for a pension after he becomes entitled to it, or temporarily refuse to receive it, postpone this event to a later date and continue to work without receiving pension payments.

In this case, the state legislatively introduced incentive coefficients, increasing the size of the pension depending on the time of application for its assignment. Their value depends on when the pension was established - upon reaching the generally accepted retirement age or ahead of schedule (in accordance with Article 30-32 of Law No. 400-FZ “About insurance pensions”). This rule is described in the appendices of this law.

1. Increase coefficient for calculating the insurance pension:
   

   	For old age pension	In case of early appointment
   12	1,07	1,046
   24	1,15	1,1
   36	1,24	1,16
   48	1,34	1,22
   60	1,45	1,29
   72	1,59	1,37
   84	1,74	1,45
   96	1,9	1,52
   108	2,09	1,6
   120	2,32	1,68

2. Increase factor for calculating the fixed payment:
   

   Number of months after the right to a pension arises	For old age pension	In case of early appointment
   12	1,056	1,036
   24	1,12	1,07
   36	1,19	1,12
   48	1,27	1,16
   60	1,36	1,21
   72	1,46	1,26
   84	1,58	1,32
   96	1,73	1,38
   108	1,9	1,45
   120	2,11	1,53

Conclusion

If the right to increase the fixed payment to the insurance pension arises, you can contact the territorial department of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, submitting supporting documents. However, it is not necessary to apply, since the pension file, as a rule, already reflects these circumstances.

The law on “blocking” the funded part of the pension will be continued, because the authorities decided that this is the only way they will be able to create a reserve fund in the budget that can be used in emergency cases (today they happen very often). Against the backdrop of all this, the expected question arises:What should silent people do with the funded part of their pension in 2017?, and this situation requires careful discussion.

It was decided to use restrictions on pensioners’ savings back in 2014, and initially this decision was temporary, but then it became clear that the government could no longer manage without the created reserve, so it was decided to extend it. What remains unchanged is that 6% of pension contributions will still be sent to the insurance pension, and the authorities do not plan to change anything in this matter, because such use of finances will only help optimize the budget of the Pension Fund. Additionally, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that officials adhere to this position for the last time, at least the chairmen of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Economic Development think so, although practice shows that usually everything happens a little differently, so there is no point in denying that the moratorium will continue .

The adoption of the bills indicates that there is a time frame that is used to form one’s own pension, and also emphasizes that the funded part of pension contributions is not considered mandatory, therefore, it can be abandoned. Officialtransfer of the funded part of the pension in 2017is impossible, but it is worth saying that people who have the right to receive these pension contributions can refuse savings using a written refusal-application, which must be submitted to the Pension Fund. They can also keep them for themselves, and in the event of the death of the pensioner, the savings under the will will be transferred to close people or persons by proxy.

Features of pension savings

Now it is necessary to pay special attention towhat to do with the funded part of the pension in 2017, latest news which cannot be called too optimal. According to the authorities, people can “think” for another year about what will happen to their savings, however, in fact, the authorities are simply leaving a “reserve” in the budget that can be used during an emergency. Today, the funded part of the finances can be stored in a non-state pension fund, but he must notify the relevant authority about this in writing by mail, but the signature on the document must necessarily be notarized.

It must be said that today non-state savings funds have lost their authority among the population of the country, so many today are planning to transfer their savings to non-state pension funds. The number of non-state funds will also decrease slightly, so it’s definitely worth thinking about transferring.

What to do?

The authorities decided thatpayment of the funded part of the pension in 2017, is not expected, but the principle of using accumulated funds will still change. Silent people who did not bother to choose the National Pension Fund will be content with only an insurance pension, because the use of a funded pension is no longer available to them.

Voluntary pension insurance

Besides, what does he say pension in 2017 , many Russians are also interested in what the so-called voluntary pension insurance is, which allows each person to independently save for their own pension. The volume of contributions (transfers to the Pension Fund), as well as their frequency, is determined by a person independently, and the voluntary system differs from funded pension savings in its wider possibilities for transferring funds by inheritance.

Risk management experts say that there are also non-state pension systems that improve the quality of life of retirees. For example, a corporate pension deserves special attention, which, in fact, is a tripartite agreement between an employee of a particular organization, an employer and a non-state pension fund, and the peculiarity of its collection is that the pension fund is formed through transfers from the employer and the personal funds of an employee of the enterprise. Tariffs will also be determined individually, and in each case the amount of these payments will vary. Experts say that a corporate pension is an excellent opportunity to “tie” an employee to a stable job in one organization for a long time, because upon dismissal he will lose the opportunity to form his pension benefit with the help of the employer.

After the pension reform of 2015, the funded part of the labor pension became an independent type - a funded pension. Until December 31, 2015 citizens Born 1967 and younger you could choose: or refuse to contribute to it. If a citizen has chosen the option of accumulating funds, then he can transfer them to the Pension Fund by choosing a Management Company (MC) or transfer pension savings to (NPF).

You can receive funded pension payments only when you reach 60 years for men and 55 years for women, or the age allowing you to apply for an old-age insurance pension, taking into account the standards in force as of December 31, 2018 (that is, without taking into account the changes introduced).

Since the retirement age is rising, and the age standards for funded pensions remain “frozen,” it turns out that a citizen can receive pension savings before retirement.

Funded pension - what is it?

A funded pension is formed for citizens born in 1967 and later that started working before January 1, 2014 and until December 31, 2015 decided to direct contributions to a funded pension.

Citizens older than 1967 can also form pension savings, but...

The formation of pension savings occurs through the transfer of insurance contributions by the employer. In total the employer pays 22% from wages in the form of an insurance premium, of which 16% is allocated to the insurance pension and the solidarity part, and the remaining 6% transferred to a funded pension.

In addition to mandatory insurance contributions, pension savings can be formed due to:

• voluntarily paid insurance premiums;
• amounts contributed under the pension savings co-financing program;
• maternity capital funds fully or partially allocated to the formation of a pension;
• results of investing accumulated funds.

How to find out the amount of pension savings (via the Internet, according to SNILS, in the Pension Fund)

Until 2013, the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation annually sent information about the state of the individual pension insurance, including the amount of pension savings, to insured persons by mail in letters. Currently, depending on where the funded pension is formed in the Pension Fund or Non-State Pension Fund, this information can be obtained in different ways:

• Via the Internet on the website of the Pension Fund or Non-State Pension Fund using your personal account.
• In the territorial pension fund with the provision of a passport and SNILS.
• When contacting the branch of the NPF that the citizen has chosen to form savings.
• Through the bank in which the citizen has an account, if this bank provides such a service.

The amount of pension savings of the insured person

The size of the insured person’s funded pension is influenced by the amount of funds contributed to its formation and accounted for in his individual personal account (ILA) with the Pension Fund or in his pension account with the NPF.

The size of pension savings is adjusted annually on August 1 based on the amount of funds received to finance it, which were not taken into account in the calculation when assigned or in the previous adjustment.

The savings payment is calculated using the formula:

NP = PN / T,

• NP- the size of the funded pension;
• Mon - the amount of the recipient's pension savings as of the date of payment;
• T- expected period of pension payment (number of months). It is established annually by law and in 2018 is 246 months.

Once every five years NPF can be changed to another, or the formation of funds can be transferred to the management company. This can be done earlier (ahead of schedule) - once a year, and loss of investment income may occur.

• Contact the NPF and conclude an agreement with it on compulsory pension insurance.
• Submit an application to the territorial Pension Fund for transfer to a non-state pension fund.

After considering the application, the pension fund sends a notification to the insured person. If the non-state pension fund complies with legal requirements, the Pension Fund will notify of a positive decision; if the fund’s license is revoked, the notification will indicate the reasons for the refusal.

How to receive the funded part of the pension?

In 2016, the indexation of pension benefits for all pensioners was to occur in 2 stages. However, in fact, only one part of the indexing was done. The authorities were unable to carry out additional indexing because they did not have the necessary funds for this process. The government found a way out with a one-time payment of 5,000 rubles for all pensioners from January 1, 2017. The total number of pensioners who will be able to receive this payment is 43 million people. Working pensioners will also be able to receive it.

Pension growth in Russia by year

The Russian Prime Minister promised that in the new year 2017 there will definitely be a return to the normal process of indexing cash benefits for pensioners. Pensions will have to be indexed according to the level of real inflation in 2016.

Russian pension system

Pension provision for Russians consists of:

• insurance pension;
• accumulated pension;

The insurance pension has a specific fixation; in the event of such an unfavorable phenomenon in the economy as inflation, it necessarily increases and is called indexation. Now in the Russian Federation the average amount of an insurance pension is approximately 13,700 rubles, and should be increased through additional payments at the local regional level.

There are 3 types of pension benefits, depending on the reasons for their appointment:

1. Age-related pension;
2. If the breadwinner was lost;
3. Disability pension payments.

General information about funded pensions

Only citizens whose year of birth is 1967 or older can receive a funded pension. Workers themselves choose the tariff according to which the employer will make contributions in his favor. At the same time, every year discussions flare up between government officials regarding further reform of this type of pension benefit.

According to the rules, in the first year of deductions the rate is set at 0%, increasing each year to 1%. As a result, the worker can choose one of the following tariffs:

1. 10% of deductions go to the insurance fund, the remaining 6% to the savings fund;
2. All 16% goes to the insurance portion of the pension.

There are also several options for receiving these funds. 5 years before retirement, citizens can be transferred 20% of the total accumulated amount.

Senior government officials say that most likely, funded pension payments for Russians in 2017 will be frozen as in previous years. However, freezing these assets does not mean their seizure. “Frozen” funds should be used to cover indexation for insurance pensions, which will improve the well-being of Russian pensioners.

How to get the money that has been accumulated

Russians of retirement age have the right to receive the funded part of their pension. To receive it, you need to write an application to the territorial body of the Pension Fund or NPF.

Monthly urgent pension payment is possible for citizens who can receive an old-age insurance pension and who have made additional cash contributions to form pension savings. You need to contact the pension fund with an application and documents. Such pension payment is possible for a period of at least 120 months.

Such categories of citizens have the right to receive a one-time payment of the accumulated pension in full:

1. Disabled people of any group and Russians who have lost their breadwinner;
2. Citizens whose funded pension is less than 5% of the total old-age pension;
3. Those who do not have insurance experience.

It is also possible to make a one-time payment of accumulated funds to the heirs of a deceased pensioner. The legal successors of the deceased person have this right if he could receive a pension.